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Modern Programming: never use Inheritance; use Composition instead

Inheritance vs Composition is an age old debate. The world has evolved enough that it's time to put this discussion to rest. There is no good reason to ever use inheritance in new code. Composition is functionally identical to Inheritance, produces superior outcomes, flatter class hierarchies and more flexible code than inheritance. Composition also does not violate encapsulation and avoids classes of issues produced by unexpected polymorphic dispatch to implementations. We get better class design for free as well.  In short, never use inheritance - always express the same code re-use through composition and be happy. Let's go through each of the points one by one: 1. Composition is functionally identical to inheritance. This one is easy to work with. When inheriting implementations, all subclass methods have an implicit parameter (an instance of the superclass). Composition just makes this parameter explicit as a constructor argument and takes away the superclass. Code reuse t